Best Treadmills

• What You Need to Know
• Training on a treadmill not only improves endurance, but also strengthens the muscles and stimulates fat burning.
• Thanks to the cushioning properties, training on a treadmill is particularly easy on the joints compared to other endurance sports such as swimming or cycling.
• A distinction is made between mechanical treadmills, which are driven by pure muscle power, and electric models, which are powered by a motor.
• For smaller spaces, there are devices with a folding mechanism and castors, as they can be easily stored away to save space.
• Office workers get their money’s worth with special desk treadmills that allow a time-saving, concentration-enhancing combination of sport and work.
• Pre-installed programmes and an adjustable incline angle ensure a varied, individually adjustable workout.

Training on the treadmill

Whether it’s to burn calories, train for a competition or to relax: Regular exercise is essential for physical fitness and health. As an essential part of life, running is one of the most natural forms of exercise, but often stressful everyday life and, above all, one’s inner pig stand in the way of sporting activity. In addition to one’s own mobility, the expansion of local transport also reduces the window of opportunity to get around and reach the recommended 10,000 steps a day. In addition, it is difficult to motivate oneself to engage in outdoor activities in the colder seasons when the weather conditions become unfavourable. Darkness, rain, wind and black ice are not only unpleasant, but also dangerous. However, adverse conditions are by no means a reason to give up training. For anyone who likes to run, a treadmill is the ideal fitness equipment. It allows users to exercise regularly without having to make extraordinary changes to their daily routine. In the meantime, treadmills are no longer only found in fitness studios, but have long since found their way into private living rooms.

Effective running training all year round

lthough the fresh air and, if applicable, the multifaceted nature speak in favour of running outdoors, users of a treadmill benefit from the numerous advantages of home training. Exercising at home is not only independent of the weather, but also of the time of day. Users can train at any time and do not have to consider the opening hours of fitness studios. Since the training is particularly accessible, a short instruction is enough to start running. Another advantage: on the treadmill, athletes are less susceptible to injuries from obstacles such as roots or black ice, which can occur when running outdoors.

Getting fit without damaging your joints

Because treadmill training uses different muscle groups, it is suitable as a toning whole-body workout. It strengthens not only the foot, leg and gluteal muscles, but also the shoulder and chest muscles, the back and even the abdominal and arm muscles. Over 200 muscles are used with every step. For an additional workout of the arm muscles, it is useful to run with weight cuffs around the wrists. Since running only builds muscle in the necessary area to provide the required performance, in principle anyone who wants a firm buttocks, a washboard stomach or muscular upper arms must train these muscle groups specifically. Many consumers also use the treadmill to lose weight. A 75-kilogram man consumes an average of 385 calories at a speed of 6.2 kilometres per minute and a training time of 30 minutes. In contrast to fitness improvement, fat burning is about exercising slower and longer in the medium pulse range. The exact calorie consumption depends on body weight as well as training intensity.

However, training on the treadmill is also ideal for improving endurance and strengthening the cardiovascular system. It activates blood circulation in the body and improves the efficiency of the heart, so that users no longer get out of breath so quickly. In addition, the upright posture or the activation of the entire musculoskeletal system prevents back pain and compensates for any imbalances. At the same time, the flat, slightly springy surface is easy on the joints. Furthermore, regular running has a stress-relieving effect.

With many models, it is possible to choose between pre-installed programmes and to specifically increase one’s own fitness level with different speed levels and increase settings. The fact that the conditions, including speed, incline angle and training time, can be set very differently means that performance can be controlled. Thanks to varied programmes, runners no longer tread monotonously in place, but can immerse themselves in virtual training worlds. With the help of smartphones, tablets and MP3 players, which provide exercisers with motivating songs or exciting audio books, running never gets boring. Depending on the location, it is even possible to watch films and series while running. But not all treadmills are the same: it is important to find out in advance which model meets your needs. In the meantime, the market has become so diverse that everyone interested can find the right device for their price and performance class.

Stationary, foldable and with desk

A treadmill is a piece of fitness equipment that allows you to run on the spot, or more precisely on a rotating belt, for several kilometres. The exact mode of operation depends on whether the treadmill is driven by an electric motor or works mechanically. In addition to the classic design, there are also models that are specially designed for smaller spaces as well as for working in the office.

Mechanical vs. electric

First of all, treadmills are roughly divided into mechanical and electric models according to their type of drive.

Mechanical treadmills

A mechanical (also called manual) treadmill has no motor, but moves only with the help of muscle power. This means that the running surface is only set in motion when users start running. In order to optimally transfer the force to the treadmill belt, exercisers should lean slightly forward and hold on to the handrails. Speed and intensity are entirely dependent on the user moving the treadmill backwards with their feet. As soon as the runner stops, the belt stops instantly, which makes it particularly safe. Although a certain amount of force is required at the beginning to move the treadmill, less force is needed to maintain a constant motion. This means that a mechanical treadmill not only trains endurance, but also works the leg muscles. Due to the high effort required, longer distances and speeds of over eight kilometres per hour are hardly achievable. Consequently, mechanical models are more recommended for fast walking or light jogging.

Because there is no motor, mechanical treadmills are not only cheaper to buy (available for a price starting at 150 euros). The lack of power consumption also means that energy costs are eliminated. In addition, users are not dependent on the presence of a power socket at the place of installation. Compared to electric models, however, they are rather sparse in terms of setting options, which makes a varied workout hardly possible. However, hobby athletes who only want to do a little exercise or strengthen their leg muscles are better off with the cheaper mechanical treadmills, as are senior citizens and patients undergoing rehabilitation.

Electric treadmills

With electric treadmills, a motor ensures that the running surface moves independently. Unlike mechanical treadmills, runners have to adapt to the set pace. Accordingly, less drive or muscle power is required. The electric drive makes the running very smooth. In addition, higher speeds of up to 22 kilometres per hour are possible. Users do not even have to hold on to the handles, which makes them much more flexible and gives them a natural running behaviour. If electric models are not equipped with the so-called emergency stop or if runners do not attach themselves to their clothing with a clip, they enter the belt with the risk of falling and injuring themselves. Theoretically, this risk also exists with mechanical treadmills, but there is a fundamental difference between the two types of treadmills. Unlike mechanical treadmills, which are driven only by body power and do not transport the athlete off the treadmill in the event of a fall, electric models do not rely on feedback from the runner. If there is no emergency stop or clip and the runner can no longer keep up or even falls, it has no effect on treadmill performance and the faller is swept off the treadmill.

The key advantage of electric treadmills is their far greater range of features, which make training more varied and effective. These features include speed, incline and resistance adjustment as well as pre-installed training programmes. Their better features make the electric models much more comfortable to use. In addition, the training progress can be tracked and recorded more accurately. However, these same features also make them much more expensive to purchase (available for a price starting at 200 euros) as well as their follow-up costs. For them to work, the treadmills have to be connected to a power source. However, if you want to train in a targeted and performance-oriented way, you should opt for an electric model.

The special types

Treadmills also differ in terms of their construction or area of application. For example, there are particularly space-saving treadmills that fold away as well as models that are specially designed for use in the office.

Stationary vs. foldable

Compared to a cross trainer or an exercise bike, a treadmill is relatively large. Without an additional room in your own four walls, it is therefore often difficult to integrate the device into your home. If there is little space available, a foldable model is the ideal solution. This can be stowed away quickly and in a space-saving manner. In combination with transport wheels, a treadmill with a folding mechanism offers even more flexibility. Users can fold up the running surface via a lever mechanism and then roll the treadmill to the side. The folding mechanism usually reduces the footprint by at least half. The most important thing here is that the device can be folded in a few simple steps and can stand securely when folded.

Models with a particularly large tread usually cannot be folded. Due to their size and weight, these models would not have a secure stand when folded. Those who prefer a larger running surface must therefore do without a folding mechanism. Stationary equipment also has the advantage of being fundamentally more stable and better able to withstand high loads.

Desk treadmills: The combination of work and sport

On the one hand, there are treadmills where the handrail is replaced by a robust, height-adjustable desk in which the control panel is inconspicuously integrated. On the other hand, there are treadmills without an attachment that can be pushed under a (height-adjustable) desk. Depending on the variant, users may have to buy a desk or a treadmill in combination with a desk.

Since this variant is mainly intended for training parallel to office work, the maximum speed is limited to ten kilometres per hour, which is quite sufficient for a casual running workout. A desk treadmill is therefore worthwhile above all for all those who work a lot in the home office and need some exercise in between.

Animal fit

The products on the treadmill market are not only reserved for humans, but are also designed for four-legged friends, especially dogs and cats. Special underwater versions, for example, help dogs to rehabilitate or overweight cats to get more exercise.

The decisive factor is the training goal

Quality has its price. The differences between a cheap and an expensive device are noticeable, among other things, in their performance, their noise level and also their durability. However, price says nothing about suitability for specific user groups. When deciding on a treadmill, there are a number of criteria to consider in order to purchase the right model for individual needs that will also lead to the desired training success. In addition to factors such as the available space and one’s own stature, it is above all the training goal that determines the type of treadmill that is right for you. Leisurely walkers have different requirements than ambitious runners with intensive training units. The following aspects refer primarily to electric treadmills, as the options for mechanical models are severely limited.

Stability is quality: The construction

The frame construction is a characteristic quality feature, as it determines factors such as the stability and volume of the treadmill. The treadmill’s own weight should be at least 80 kilograms to ensure sufficient stability. Since vibrations occur with every step, a solid construction is necessary to absorb the vibration and provide a comfortable, safe running feeling. The running deck and the running mat are subjected to the most stress. The thicker these components are, the longer the life of the unit. Inferior material quality leads to cracks and dents over time. A treadmill mat with a thickness of at least three millimetres is recommended. The same applies to the rollers: The larger their diameter, the smoother the mat and the longer its life. A stable frame also guarantees that nothing happens to the sensitive electronics.

A space and safety aspect: size

The treadmill should offer enough space so that users can move freely on it. The larger the runner and the faster the pace, the larger the running surface should be. While a width of 45 centimetres and a length of 120 centimetres is sufficient for leisurely runners, fast athletes are better off with a surface of at least 50 x 140 centimetres. For users taller than 175 centimetres, a running surface of 50 x 150 centimetres or more is recommended. Professional models even have a size of 100 x 200 centimetres. Only if the running surface is adapted to the stride length can users develop a natural running behaviour. Shortened strides not only lead to an unnatural running technique, which in the worst case causes injuries, but are also extremely ineffective. On a long running surface (140 centimetres or more), even sprints are possible.

A larger belt also has the advantage of being more comfortable and, above all, safer. If the running surface is too narrow, runners have to concentrate hard to avoid stepping next to the belt – especially if they are running particularly fast. Even minor missteps could lead to a fall. However, size is always a question of space in one’s own four walls as well as price; consumers generally have to invest more for larger treadmills.

For a certain amount of speed: motor power

The power of the motor is also an important purchase aspect, as it is responsible for transporting the running mat over the running deck. Thus, the power of the motor has a massive influence on the quality and also the speed of the running training. The power is given in two different values: the peak power and the continuous power. Peak power is the speed that a motor can achieve for a short period of time as its maximum speed. Continuous power, on the other hand, is the power that a motor can deliver continuously as speed during the complete training period under the load of the maximum user weight. In the end, the value of the continuous power is decisive, as it gives a better picture of the actual motor power.

The majority of treadmills have an output of two hp, which allows maximum speeds of between 12 and 16 kilometres per hour. For walking or slow jogging, maximum speeds of eight kilometres per hour with a motor power of 1.25 hp are quite sufficient. Faster runners should make sure that at least 20 kilometres per hour are achievable with a power of three hp. It should be taken into account that heavier runners may not be able to reach these speeds, as the motor power always depends on the load. As a general rule, the more intensive the use, the more powerful the motor should be. A strong motor usually runs more quietly or with less vibration, more evenly and longer. The digital drive motor was invented for constant running performance, but it comes at a slightly higher price.

During operation, treadmills produce a motor noise. In general, it can be assumed that the noise level is significantly lower on high-quality machines because they are more solid and stable. The noise level during running is measured in decibels. When walking, i.e. at a speed of about four kilometres per hour, most treadmills are quite quiet. The situation is different when running, or more precisely speeds between eight or even ten kilometres per hour: Here the noise level is higher than with other devices such as a cross trainer or exercise bike. If the noise level is annoying, either to yourself or your neighbour, it is helpful to place a carpet or floor mat under the machine to muffle the motor and exercise noise.

Running without damaging your joints: The damping

On some machines, the degree of cushioning is even adjustable, which is recommended. If the cushioning is too soft, the tendons, such as the Achilles tendons, would be overly stressed or fatigued, whereas if the cushioning is too hard, it would damage the joints and lead to foot, knee, vertebrae and hip complaints. Good cushioning also helps to reduce noise when running.

Running without a care in the world: Safety

At first, it can be difficult to find a secure grip on the treadmill. Long handrails give users a sense of security by providing stability. Raised treads on the sides also make it possible to jump to the side and turn off the machine in an emergency. Non-slip materials such as aluminium are also recommended. Equally important is an emergency stop function, for example in the form of a button or a clip that can be attached with a rip cord. The rip cord functions as a magnetic switch that is attached to the body or clothing by means of a cord. If users press the button or pull the cord, for example, if they fall or walk too far backwards, the treadmill stops immediately.

In addition, consumers should make sure that the device is TÜV-tested or at least has a GS safety mark. With these certifications, users can be sure that all safety standards have been met.

Everything under control: the operating mode

On the display, users can not only monitor their body-related data such as heart rate or calorie consumption and read off the speed and incline, but also make settings. Especially for beginners and seniors, it is important that the treadmill is easy to operate and does not have too many “bells and whistles”. The display should be clearly laid out, i.e. letters and numbers should contrast well with the background so that the information on it can be read while running or in poor lighting conditions.

Through hill and dale: the incline angle

Some treadmills allow you to adjust the incline angle at the touch of a button to simulate hill running. This not only adds new stimuli to the workout, but also strengthens other muscle groups. It is particularly practical if the angle can be adjusted while running so that the user does not have to interrupt the workout. The angle of inclination is up to 15 percent. Settings in one- to two-percent increments are common. A continuous incline of one to three per cent even has a relieving effect on the joints without being strongly noticeable in terms of fitness. This minimal incline is roughly equivalent to the air resistance that would occur when running outdoors. For more intensive leg muscle training, a gradient of between four and eight percent is advisable.

Always the right pace: heart rate measurement

To keep an eye on your heart rate while running and better adjust your training, it is advisable to measure or control your pulse. The measurement is done either via sensors on the handlebars or via a chest strap that can be linked to the training computer. The latter method is not only more accurate, but also more practical, as runners do not have to hold on permanently. Pulse sensors on the handles are worthwhile at best to check the pulse in between. However, as the pulse belt is usually only available separately, there is an additional cost.

The pulse control is used to adjust speed and inclination to the pulse. It is especially important when runners want to boost fat burning. At the same time, it protects the body from overload.

Personalised and varied: the programmes

When it comes to programmes, mass is not necessarily class. The choice of programmes depends on what the training should focus on. That’s why it’s important to think in advance about which training programmes should be included. Depending on the equipment and price, treadmills with a selection of up to 50 programmes offer multifaceted ways to have fun running. Typical applications include the following:

HIIT

Pulse training

Cardio training

Fat burning

Mountain running

At least one interval and one heart rate programme is recommended. Modern treadmills simulate races or routes by connecting to tablets and smartphones via Bluetooth, turning treadmill training into an interactive experience. Users can therefore watch a track on the screen to drive their motivation. Thanks to training software and apps, users can run virtual courses all over the world, from Central Park to the Gobi Desert. In some cases, it is also possible to compete with friends. Some treadmills even allow users to create training programmes according to their own needs, i.e. to specifically enter distance, speed and calorie consumption or to set an upper load limit in the form of the individual pulse rate. This option is particularly useful for professionals.

Training tips for maximum performance

Many runners are initially motivated to start training, but once routine sets in, they can’t get going again. To prevent this effect and optimise your training, we have put together some tips for long-lasting, effective training:

• Exercise at fixed times to develop a habit.
• Provide mental activity during training, for example through music, audio books or films, to forget about time.
• Sign up for running events to increase your motivation and have a concrete goal in mind.
• Since the muscles are constantly adapting to the strain of exercise, it does not make sense to always choose the same programme. In this case, the training effect and calorie consumption would be lower. For high-performance training, the body must always be confronted with new adaptation processes, i.e. variations in speed, distance and incline. Interval training is a good option.
• Rule of thumb: Beginners should train no more than three times a week and no longer than 40 minutes.
• Although beginners hope for a faster development of performance through intensive training, this should be characterised by a slower pace with smaller inclines, especially at the beginning. Increase the training duration, frequency and intensity in small steps to build a solid base fitness and avoid injuries.
• To avoid putting too much strain on the calves and Achilles tendons, it is important not to start running straight away, but to have a warm-up phase first. It is sufficient to walk for five to ten minutes at a leisurely pace (about five kilometres per hour) before starting the training session. At the end of the session, you also need a five-minute cool-down phase to loosen up and calm your heart rate. Loosening up and stretching exercises are recommended afterwards.
• The body needs rest periods of at least one day between training sessions to adapt to the load and become more resistant.

Exercises for more variety and efficiency

With one or two exercise tips, the rather monotonous running training becomes more varied in the long run. The bonus: Fitness exercises burn additional calories. These include, for example, the lunge, which can easily be done on the treadmill at five kilometres per hour. The side step, which strengthens the calf and thigh, is done at a speed of between five and seven kilometres per hour, with the knees slightly bent, standing sideways on the treadmill and changing sides in between. A variation for the buttocks is the side squat, where the knees are bent a little more at a slower pace.

Correct running technique

Correct running technique is not only more efficient, it is also easier on your joints. The following tips and rules of thumb apply here:

• Only hold on to the arm grips when you need security, for example in case of a training interruption.
• Take lots of short steps, as these are less stressful on your joints.
• Roll your feet to make the best use of your foot muscles in terms of cushioning.
• Place your feet on the ground close in front of your body’s centre of gravity to take the strain off your knee joints.
• Keep your shoulders relaxed as you run, while keeping your upper body upright and your gaze straight ahead to avoid tension in your neck.
• Angle your elbows at an angle slightly greater than 90 degrees and move your arms parallel to the direction of running. Ideally, the arms will follow an opposite pendulum motion, with the palms of the hands moving up to the pockets of the trousers as you move backwards.
• When running, the so-called runner’s triangle, consisting of upper arm, forearm and torso, should be visible.
• Try to bounce and rotate as little as possible when running.
• Keep your hands loosely closed and your wrists straight.
• Stay in the middle of the treadmill as it is safest there.

The different running speeds

There are three basic running speeds. Walking, the slowest pace (five to six kilometres per hour), involves runners holding on to the side handles and taking long strides to strengthen the leg and buttock muscles. Walking is held at a medium pace (six to nine kilometres per hour). Here, runners actively lift the tops of their feet and knees and roll over the whole foot. The arms swing past the body with the elbows bent. Running or jogging is done at a fast pace (from ten kilometres per hour) and with smaller steps. There is a so-called flying phase during which no leg is on the ground.

Training according to pulse: maximum heart rate

If you want to train according to pulse, you need to know your maximum heart rate. According to a rule of thumb, this is 220 minus your age. Exercisers achieve different results depending on their heart rate. While they are more likely to improve their general health with light endurance training, they improve their performance with maximum heart rate. To work on basic endurance, beginners should hold training sessions at a moderate pace with a pulse in the range of about 50 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate. Moderate training, in the range of 70 to 80 percent, is primarily for increasing endurance. More intense workouts for maximum performance gains are in the 80 to 90 percent range.

The leading manufacturers on the treadmill market

Probably the best-known manufacturer of treadmills is Christopeit. The German company Christopeit offers a variety of sports equipment for a good price-performance ratio. Christopeit treadmills are priced between 260 and 1,000 euros in the mid-range segment and are characterised by high-quality workmanship, numerous features and very good performance. Kettler is also one of the leading brands. Kettler’s equally high-quality models are in the medium to high price range between 680 and 2,600 euros and are suitable for professional athletes as well as hobby athletes. Beginners will find the right treadmill especially in the Sprinter series, while Kettler’s Track series is more worthwhile for ambitious runners.

Treadmills from Maxxus are particularly suitable for overweight people thanks to their high load capacity. In addition to good workmanship, they also stand out for their multifaceted training programmes. Maxxus treadmills are priced between 630 and 2,300 euros. Sportstech, another German brand, is also one of the best on the market and offers a wide range of futuristic-looking models. Sportstech machines are priced between 330 and 1,900 euros, so every fitness enthusiast will find something for him or her.

Horizon equipment comes from the USA and impresses with quality, design and innovation. They are available for between 1,000 and 2,300 euros, which puts them in the higher price segment. Hammer has also become one of the leading suppliers of treadmills. Hammer models are available for prices between 550 and 4,000 euros. Newgen offers a somewhat more manageable treadmill sector (220 to 765 euros). However, the devices are also of very high quality.